The Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe of Southampton County is an Iroquoian-speaking tribe that shares its early history with the Nottoway Indian Tribe. Today the Cheroenhaka have erected a palisade fort called Cattashowrock Town to share their cultural history with the public and have worked toward repopulating the landscape with long-leaf pines after centuries of deforestation. State recognition: 2010.

The Chickahominy Tribe are an Algonquian speaking people that have traditionally lived along the Chickahominy River and today are located near these traditional lands in Charles City County. The Chickahominy people have been working towards creating a location to showcase their culture and traditions and are dedicated to protecting scenic resources on their tribal lands. State recognition: 1983. Federal recognition: 2018.

The Chickahominy Tribe Eastern Division holds a shared history with the Chickahominy Tribe until the 1920s, when the Eastern Division decided to organize their own tribal government. Today the tribe has a cultural center with a program to educate youth on traditional culture, and they have established community gardens for the benefit of tribal members. State recognition: 1983. Federal recognition: 2018.

The Mattaponi Tribe live on the Mattaponi River in King William County. The Mattaponi are one of only two Virginia Indian tribes that hold state reservations established in 1650, making it one of the oldest reservations in the country. Today the Mattaponi have a cultural museum and shad hatchery on their reservation and are active participants in sharing their heritage through on-going programming. State recognition: 1983.

The Monacan Indian Nation, located in Amherst County, is one of the oldest groups of Indigenous peoples still existing in their ancestral homeland, and the only group of Eastern Siouan remaining in the state. The Monacan have established numerous cultural education programs and are working to protect the landscape in and around their original territory. State recognition: 1989. Federal recognition: 2018.

The Nansemond Tribe traditionally lived in several communities on both sides of the Nansemond River centered near Chuckatuck in present-day Suffolk. Today, the Nansemond people have been building a cultural center and traditional town on their tribal land, and are heavily involved in providing cultural programming as well as in re-oystering local waterways and other ecological reclamation efforts. State recognition: 1985. Federal recognition: 2018.

The Nottoway Indian Tribe is one of several distinct groups of Iroquoian-speaking people in Virginia's coastal plain who reside near Capron in Southampton County. Today the tribe has a Community House and Interpretive Center in Capron, Virginia and are active participants in spreading cultural awareness and ecological restoration, including co-founding the Alliance of Native Seedkeepers. State recognition: 2010.

The Rappahannock Tribe is centered in the Indian Neck area of King and Queen County, near traditional lands along the Rappahannock River.  Today Rappahannock tribal members have a Tribal Center that showcases their rich history, and they host the Return to the River Program as well as other cultural initiatives, in order to share their history and raise ecological appreciation. State recognition: 1983. Federal recognition: 2018.

The Pamunkey Indian Reservation, one of only two in Virginia, lies on the Pamunkey River adjacent to King William County. The Pamunkey Indian Museum showcases traditional Pamunkey culture on the Reservation, and the tribe continues to sustain an active pottery making craft as well as maintaining a fish hatchery to maintain ecological balance in local waterways. State recognition: 1983. Federal recognition: 2015.

The Patawomeck Indian Tribe is an Algonquian speaking tribe that still live in their traditional tribal lands in today's Stafford County along the Potomac River, where they have maintained their traditional culture. Today the Patawomeck people are working to revive their eastern Algonquian language and intend to open a tribal center, museum and living history area in Stafford County. State recognition: 2010.

The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe is centered in King William County and shares its early history with the Mattaponi Tribe. Today the Upper Mattaponi hold events to promote their culture and history, and have plans to develop a tribal and cultural center. Most recently the tribe opened a healthcare facility for tribal members and the local community. State recognition: 1983. Federal recognition: 2018.